My understanding would be "Abraham's bosom," I guess. A place not in God's Presence (i.e., "heaven") since Jesus had not yet opened the way, but a pleasant place without torments. I base this on the parable of the rich man and the beggar Lazarus (Eleazar), Luke 16. But I don't think anyone can be dogmatic about this, since not every parable can be taken absolutely literally.
But this story might not be a parable, it doesn't say it is, and plenty of real parables are stated to be parables. But for the Jews there was a life after death existence somewhere.